Most pathogens access the body through the mucosal membranes. Therefore, effective
vaccines that protect at these sites are much needed. However, despite early success with …

The novel Coronavirus 2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) has led to the
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has surprised health authorities …

Importance Data on BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech)
effectiveness and safety in pregnancy are currently lacking because pregnant women were …

To combat the HIV epidemic and emerging threats such as SARS-CoV-2, immunization
strategies are needed that elicit protection at mucosal portals of pathogen entry …

This book offers a view of the lives of the world's poorest people, helping to explain why the
poor tend to borrow in order to save, why they miss out on free life-saving immunizations but …

Global mortality in children younger than 5 years has fallen substantially in the past two
decades from more than 12 million in 1990, to 6· 9 million in 2011, but progress is …

In low-income countries, infectious diseases still account for a large proportion of deaths,
highlighting health inequities largely caused by economic differences. Vaccination can cut …

There is currently great interest in developing mucosal vaccines against a variety of
microbial pathogens. Mucosally induced tolerance also seems to be a promising form of …

Background Rotavirus gastroenteritis causes many deaths in infants in sub-Saharan Africa.
Because rotavirus vaccines have proven effective in developed countries but had not been …

A fundamental assumption usually made in causal inference is that of no interference
between individuals (or units); that is, the potential outcomes of one individual are assumed …