Individuals with ESKD requiring maintenance hemodialysis face a unique hemodynamic
challenge, typically on a thrice-weekly basis. In an effort to achieve some degree of …

Significant deviations of serum potassium and sodium levels are frequently observed in
hospitalized patients and are both associated with increased all‐cause and cardiovascular …

Background: Excess mortality in hemodialysis patients is largely due to cardiovascular
disease and is associated with abnormal fluid status and plasma sodium concentrations …

In standard care, hemodialysis patients are often treated with a center‐specific fixed
dialysate sodium concentration, potentially resulting in diffusive sodium changes for patients …

Protein energy malnutrition is recognized as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
dialysis patients. Protein–energy-wasting process is observed in about 45% of the dialysis …

Despite the significant progress made in understanding chronic kidney disease and uraemic
pathophysiology, use of advanced technology and implementation of new strategies in renal …

Chronic volume overload is pervasive in patients on chronic haemodialysis and
substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular death. The rediscovery of the three …

Hemodialysis (HD) is the main treatment modality for patients with end-stage kidney
disease. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are highly prevalent in HD patients and are the …

Homeostatic regulation of plasma osmolality (PO sm) is critical for normal cellular function in
humans. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is the major hormone responsible for the maintenance …

BACKGROUND Increased aortic blood-pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness are associated
with higher cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis. Previous works showed that lower dialysate …