The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase
family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis …

Abstract Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator)(Netherlands),
P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator)(Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt) …

Objective To develop updated guidelines for the pharmacologic management of rheumatoid
arthritis. Methods We developed clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, and …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the
formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of …

Inflammatory cardiomyopathy, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration into the
myocardium and a high risk of deteriorating cardiac function, has a heterogeneous …

IL (interleukin)-6 is a pivotal cytokine of innate immunity, which enacts a broad set of
physiological functions traditionally associated with host defense, immune cell regulation …

Most patients survive acute myocardial infarction (MI). Yet this encouraging development
has certain drawbacks: heart failure (HF) prevalence is increasing and patients affected tend …

In accordance with the comorbidity-inflammation paradigm, comorbidities and especially
metabolic comorbidities are presumed to drive development and severity of heart failure with …

Heart failure exhibits remarkable pathophysiologic heterogeneity. A large body of evidence
suggests that regardless of the underlying etiology, heart failure is associated with induction …