This article examines ways in which international research on child soldiers might serve to
inform research on gang-involved youth in the United States. In particular, we discuss the …

Gang violence has increased in recent years. Individuals appear to be joining gangs at
younger ages, and many have suffered historic maltreatment. Subsequent exposure to …

Objective: Although a vast literature has investigated the consequences of gang
membership for offending and victimization, little is known about the contribution of gang …

The construct of perpetration-induced trauma (PT) proposes that inflicting harm on others
may constitute a traumatic event, a phenomenon which might be relevant to youth in gangs …

Gang violence, endemic to many communities in the United States and around the world is a
very significant social problem. Given that the messages conveyed by, and the rivalries …

The cycle of violence thesis posits that early exposure to maltreatment increases the
likelihood of later maladaptive and antisocial behaviors. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) …

Justice policy reform in the past decade has been driven by research evidence indicating
that brain development is ongoing through adolescence, and that neurological and …

Objective: Gang membership inherently links to violence, and violent experiences strongly
relate to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and paranoia. Yet to date, gang …

Gang researchers have robustly established that gangs facilitate increased criminal activity
in members—even those who were prolifically delinquent before gang membership (Klein …

Objectives Gang members are more likely to be victimized violently than non-gang youth,
but the extent to which this relationship is confounded, direct, or mediated remains unclear …