Metacognition allows us to evaluate memories and knowledge, thus enabling us to
distinguish between what we know and what we do not. Studies have shown that species …

Many animals will seek information when they do not know the answer to a problem,
suggesting that they monitor their knowledge state. In the classic “tubes task,” subjects are …

Monkeys demonstrate metacognition by avoiding memory tests when they forget, seeking
information when ignorant, and gambling sensibly after making judgments. Some of this …

To test for evidence of metacognition in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella), we analyzed
confidence movements using a paradigm adapted from research with chimpanzees …

Animals will favor a risky option when a stimulus signaling reward bridges the choice and
the outcome. The present experiments investigated signal-induced risky choices and reward …

A total of 16 lemurs, including representatives from three species (Lemur catta, Eulemur
rubriventer, and Varecia variegata), were presented with a food-seeking task in which …

In the last decade, metacognitive research on nonhuman animals has yielded results
suggesting that metacognition was present at least in Old World monkeys. Experimental …

Most cognitive scientists assume that some, if not many, of our cognitive abilities evolved
through natural selection. However, we lack the ability to assess causality concerning the …

Understanding what makes humans unique (if anything) is a quest that has helped to shed
light on what other animals can or cannot do. Mental time travel (henceforth MTT) has been …

Self-directed learning (SDL) is a form of learning wherein individuals have primary control
over much or all of the learning process. Little research has been done to investigate this …