Since the early 2000s, many private companies, public-private coalitions, and governments
have committed to remove deforestation from commodity supply chains. Despite these zero …

Land use is regulated through various mixes of command-and-control interventions that
directly affect land use via land use restrictions, and other public interventions that indirectly …

Abstract Insular Southeast Asian peatlands have experienced rapid land cover changes
over the past decades inducing a variety of environmental effects ranging from regional …

Extensive clearing of Indonesian primary forests results in increased greenhouse gas
emissions and biodiversity loss. However, there is no consensus on the areal extent and …

Oil palm plantations in Indonesia have been linked to substantial deforestation in the 1990s
and 2000s, though recent studies suggest that new plantations are increasingly developed …

Humid tropical forests provide numerous global ecosystem services, but are under
continuing threat of clearing from economic drivers. Here, we report primary humid tropical …

The world's largest area of tropical peatland ecosystems is found in South-East Asia. These
peatlands have globally significant carbon stocks and play an important role in regional and …

Oil palm supplies> 30% of world vegetable oil production. Plantation expansion is occurring
throughout the tropics, predominantly in Indonesia, where forests with heterogeneous …

Industrial agricultural plantations are a rapidly increasing yet largely unmeasured source of
tropical land cover change. Here, we evaluate impacts of oil palm plantation development …

As reported by FAO (2005 State of the World's Forests (Rome: UNFAO), 2010 Forest
Resource Assessment (FRA) 2010/095 (Rome: UNFAO)), Indonesia experiences the …