Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the transcription of genes that mediate the
response to hypoxia. HIFs are constantly expressed and degraded under normoxia, but …

This review focuses on the role of the venous valves in the genesis of thrombus formation in
venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Clinical VTE and the evidence for the valvular origin …

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia may contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases of the
vascular wall. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are nuclear transcriptional factors that …

BACKGROUND: Venous hypertension is regarded as an important factor in the
pathogenesis of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). We investigate histologic reaction of …

BACKGROUND Pial arterial supplies are sometimes found in patients with dural
arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), though their characteristics have rarely been clarified …

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) can be separated into two types: DAVF which drains
through an affected sinus (sinus type) and DAVF with direct reflux to the cortical vein (non …

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a rare type of acquired intracranial vascular
malformation. Recent progress in neuroimaging technology, such as advanced MRI and CT …

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal arteriovenous communications within the
dura. The symptoms depend on their location and the pattern of the venous drainage …

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are associated with venous hypertension. Numerous
studies have revealed high expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in …

Background The causes of dural arteriovenous fistula have not been clearly defined. The
aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of dural arteriovenous fistula formation …