West Nile virus (WNV) neuroinvasive disease threatens the health and well-being of horses
and humans worldwide. Disease in horses and humans is remarkably similar. The …

West Nile virus (WNV), like the dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are major
arboviruses belonging to the Flavivirus genus. WNV is emerging or endemic in many …

Background West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which has been posing
continuous challenges to public health worldwide due to the identification of new lineages …

Following the introduction of the West Nile virus (WNV) into eastern Germany in 2018,
increasing infections have been diagnosed in birds, equines, and humans over time, while …

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito‐borne emerging virus in Europe with capacity to cause
neurological complications such as encephalitis or meningoencephalitis in humans, birds or …

Horses and other equids can be infected with several viruses of the family Flaviviridae,
belonging to the genus Flavivirus and Hepacivirus. This consensus statement focuses on …

Since 2015, annual West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks of varying intensities have been
reported in France. Recent intensification of enzootic WNV circulation was observed in the …

West Nile virus (WNV) infections were first detected in Germany in 2018, but information
about WNV seroprevalence in horses is limited. The study's overall goal was to gather …

In Italy, West Nile virus (WNV) appeared for the first time in the Tuscany region in 1998. After
10 years of absence, it re-appeared in the areas surrounding the Po River delta, affecting …

As evidenced by sero-epidemiological studies, infections of horses with the tick-borne
encephalitis virus (TBEV) occur frequently in TBEV-endemic areas. However, there are only …