The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Already a well-established treatment for different autonomic and movement disorders, the
use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in pain conditions is now continuously expanding …

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been used as a treatment for excessive muscle stiffness,
spasticity, and dystonia. BoNT for approximately 40 years, and has recently been used to …

Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins cause the neuroparalytic syndromes of tetanus and
botulism, respectively, by delivering inside different types of neurons, metalloproteases …

Background Several different interventions have been examined to alleviate pain and
reduce frequency of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) paroxysms. However, some patients continue …

Aims: To systematically review the scientific literature for evidence concerning the clinical
use of botulinum toxin (BTX) for the management of various temporomandibular disorders …

This review evaluates the existing level of evidence for efficacy of BoNTs in different pain
syndromes using the recommended efficacy criteria from the Assessment and Therapeutic …

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is one of the most potent toxins known and a potential
biological threat. At the same time, it is among the most widely used therapeutic proteins …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a major therapeutic agent that is licensed in neurological
indications, such as dystonia and spasticity. The BoNT family, which is produced in nature …

Botulinum toxin A is produced by anaerobic spore-forming bacteria and is used for various
therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Botulinum toxin A injections are the most popular …