Globally, about 400 million people reside at terrestrial altitudes above 1500 m, and more
than 100 million lowlanders visit mountainous areas above 2500 m annually. The …

Vascular dysregulation refers to the regulation of blood flow that is not adapted to the needs
of the respective tissue. We distinguish primary vascular dysregulation (PVD, formerly called …

Alveolar hypoxia is the most prominent feature of high altitude environment with well-known
consequences for the cardio-pulmonary system, including development of pulmonary …

Clinical studies suggest that sleep apnea causes systemic hypertension. In addition,
patients with sleep apnea have elevated plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We …

A long and productive history of studies at high altitude has demonstrated that chronic
hypoxia plays a key role in the aetiology of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre …

1 History 1 2 The atmosphere 16 3 Geography and the human response to altitude 28 4
Genetics and high altitude 40 5 Altitude acclimatization and deterioration 53 6 Control of …

High altitude reduces birth weights, averaging a 100-g fall per 1000 m elevation gain, as the
result of restriction of third trimester fetal growth. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) raises …

568 Hypertension September 2018 prevalence of hypertension with a 2% increase for
every≈ 100 m (≈ 330 ft)-increase in altitude above 3000 mASL (≈ 9800 ft). 16 …

Rationale: High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is characterized by excessive pulmonary
vasoconstriction and is associated with decreased concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in the …

Abstract Introduction Dietary nitrate (NO 3−) supplementation serves as an exogenous
source of nitrite (NO 2−) and nitric oxide (NO) through the NO 3−–NO 2−–NO pathway, and …