Substance P (SP) is a highly conserved member of the tachykinin peptide family that is
widely expressed throughout the animal kingdom. The numerous members of the tachykinin …

As early as the 19th century, OIH was observed in patients receiving morphine for pain. It
was recognized that a potent analgesic such as morphine could actually result in an …

A large range of neuroadaptations develop in response to chronic opioid exposure and
these are thought to be more or less critical for expression of the major features of opioid …

Mast cells can be found in close proximity to peripheral nerve endings where, upon
activation, they release a broad range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines …

In Australia and New Zealand, in parallel with other developed countries, the number of
patients prescribed opioids on a long-term basis has grown rapidly over the last decade …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Abstract The World Health Organization regards chronic pain to be a public health concern.
In clinical medicine, fibromyalgia (FM) is the most prevalent chronic widespread pain …

Issues. Prescription opioid misuse in the USA has increased over threefold since 1990 to
epidemic proportions, with substantial increases in prescription opioid use also reported in …

Cancer pain patients need variable opioid doses. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest
that opioid efficacy is related to genetic variability. However, the studies have small samples …

Fibromyalgia (FM) pain is frequent in the general population but its pathogenesis is only
poorly understood. Many recent studies have emphasized the role of central nervous system …