Attention is the important ability to flexibly control limited computational resources. It has
been studied in conjunction with many other topics in neuroscience and psychology …

Research on defensive behaviour in mammals has in recent years focused on elicited
reactions; however, organisms also make active choices when responding to danger. We …

Transfer learning has recently become the dominant paradigm of machine learning. Pre-
trained models fine-tuned for downstream tasks achieve better performance with fewer …

A new theory about the origins of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in
the evolutionary transition to basic consciousness. What marked the evolutionary transition …

Emotional states of consciousness, or what are typically called emotional feelings, are
traditionally viewed as being innately programmed in subcortical areas of the brain, and are …

Sustained pain is a major characteristic of clinical pain disorders, but it is difficult to assess in
isolation from co-occurring cognitive and emotional features in patients. In this study, we …

A major debate about the neural correlates of conscious perception concerns its cortical
organization, namely, whether it includes the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which mediates …

Despite a growing body of research devoted to the study of how humans encode
environmental patterns, there is still no clear consensus about the nature of the …

Entropy is a dimensionless quantity that is used for measuring uncertainty about the state of
a system but it can also imply physical qualities, where high entropy is synonymous with …

In this paper we present a broad overview of the last 40 years of research on cognitive
architectures. To date, the number of existing architectures has reached several hundred …