Although animal experiments are indispensable for preclinical screening in the drug
discovery process, various issues such as ethical considerations and species differences …

Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a widely accepted
quantitative technique to measure the integrity of tight junction dynamics in cell culture …

Organ chips can recapitulate organ-level (patho) physiology, yet pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic analyses require multi-organ systems linked by vascular perfusion. Here …

Highlights•Traditional drug screening model systems are inadequate.•Organoid-on-a-chip
platforms stand to significantly advance drug and toxicology screening.•A wide variety or …

To curb the high cost of drug development, there is an urgent need to develop more
predictive tissue models using human cells to determine drug efficacy and safety in advance …

Determining the toxicity of chemicals is necessary to identify their harmful effects on humans,
animals, plants, or the environment. It is also one of the main steps in drug design. Animal …

Significant advances in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and microscale technologies have
enabled the fabrication of biologically relevant tissues and organs. Such tissues and organs …

Current practices in drug development have led to therapeutic compounds being approved
for widespread use in humans, only to be later withdrawn due to unanticipated toxicity …

Many drugs have progressed through preclinical and clinical trials and have been available–
for years in some cases–before being recalled by the FDA for unanticipated toxicity in …

“Organ‐on‐a‐chip” systems integrate microengineering, microfluidic technologies, and
biomimetic principles to create key aspects of living organs faithfully, including critical …