Background The aim of this quantitative systematic review was to assess the efficacy and
adverse effects of ketamine added to caudal local anaesthetics in comparison with local …

Clonidine, an alpha-2 agonist is a known antihypertensive agent. Because of its sedative
and analgesic effects, it is gaining popularity in anaesthesiology. It can be used to …

Ketamine has emerged as a novel strategy to treat refractory depression, producing rapid
remission, but elicits some side effects that limit its use. In an attempt to investigate a safer …

Background The commonality between chronic conditions that are treated with low-dose
ketamine, such as specific chronic pain conditions, depression, and post-traumatic stress …

Study objective Caudal block helps relieve pain after sub-umbilical surgery in pediatric
patients; however, the duration for which it exerts its analgesic effect is limited. The addition …

Background The authors calculated the effect size for post‐operative analgesia of three
additives, clonidine, neostigmine, and tramadol to bupivacaine, ropivacaine, or …

Background: Clonidine is still the most popular additive for caudal regional anesthesia. Aim
of the present quantitative systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of the …

Background: Clonidine is an anesthetic with favorable efficacy and safety profiles for caudal
epidural block, but comparisons with other adjuvants need to be confirmed in pediatric …

Something new about ketamine for pediatric anesthesia? : Current Opinion in Anesthesiology
Something new about ketamine for pediatric anesthesia? : Current Opinion in Anesthesiology …

BACKGROUND: Neuraxial clonidine is used for perioperative analgesia in children of all
ages. Preclinical studies in the postnatal rat allow comparison of the relative toxicity and …