The ability to sequence genomes from ancient biological material has provided a rich source
of information for evolutionary biology and engaged considerable public interest. Although …

Infectious diseases emerge via many routes and may need to overcome stepwise
bottlenecks to burgeon into epidemics and pandemics. About 60% of human infections have …

In spite of its immutable susceptibility to penicillin, Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) subsp.
pallidum continues to cause millions of cases of syphilis each year worldwide, resulting in …

The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the
epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example …

Syphilis, which is caused by the sexually transmitted bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp.
pallidum, has an estimated 6.3 million cases worldwide per annum. In the past ten years, the …

The incidence of syphilis has risen worldwide in the last decade in spite of being an easily
treated infection. The causative agent of this sexually transmitted disease is the bacterium …

The recent development of a system for long-term in vitro culture of the syphilis spirochete,
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, has introduced the possibility of detailed genetic …

Abstract Background The human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae was the main cause of
bacterial meningitis in children and a major cause of worldwide infant mortality before the …

Background Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is a
useful diagnostic method for detecting pathogen antigens in fixed tissues, complementing …

Objective This paper presents the current state of the art in the investigation of past malaria
by providing an extensive review of previous studies and identifying research possibilities …