Background Endoscopic skull‐base surgery (ESBS) is employed in the management of
diverse skull‐base pathologies. Paralleling the increased utilization of ESBS, the literature in …

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) refers to a pathological condition caused by a direct or
indirect insult to the optic nerves, which often leads to a partial or permanent vision deficit …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Concussion, a form
of mild TBI, might be associated with long-term neurological symptoms. The effects of TBI …

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of craniofacial trauma that
directly or indirectly damages the optic nerve and can cause severe vision loss. The …

Purpose To critically review the treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy. Design A
perspective of clinical and basic science studies related to traumatic optic neuropathy and its …

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an uncommon vision‐threatening disorder that can be
caused by ocular or head trauma and is categorized into direct and indirect TON. The overall …

Background Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an important cause of severe visual loss
following blunt or penetrating head trauma. Following the initial injury, optic nerve swelling …

The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a hallmark of many retinal neuropathies.
Neuroprotection, axonal regeneration, and cell renewal are vital for the integrity of the visual …

Optic neuropathy is a frequent cause of vision loss encountered by ophthalmologist. The
diagnosis is made on clinical grounds. The history often points to the possible etiology of the …

Understanding of ocular diseases and the search for their cure have been based on the
common assumption that the eye is an immune privileged site, and the consequent …