Our understanding of social anxiety disorder (also known as social phobia) has moved from
rudimentary awareness that it is not merely shyness to a much more sophisticated …

Introduction Genetic data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) have
been crucial in advancing the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology …

Exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles released from cells after fusion of
multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane (PM) and play important roles in …

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Tau toxicity has been implicated in the emergence of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's
disease (AD), but the mechanism by which tau alters synapse physiology and leads to …

Tobacco smoke consists of thousands of compounds including nicotine. Many constituents
have known toxicity to the brain, cardiovascular, and pulmonary systems. Nicotine, on the …

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, is a common and highly heritable
neuropsychiatric disorder that is seen in children and adults. Although heritability is …

The Hippo signaling pathway regulates organ size and tissue homeostasis from Drosophila
to mammals. Central to this pathway is a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex …

Cadherins are Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in
animal morphogenesis. Various cadherin-related molecules have also been identified …

This article reviews the literature on learning and memory in the soil-dwelling nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans. Paradigms include nonassociative learning, associative learning …