Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue
macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is …

Macrophages are first responders for the immune system. In this role, they have both effector
functions for neutralizing pathogens and sentinel functions for alerting other immune cells of …

Rationale: Sympathetic nervous system control of inflammation plays a central role in
hypertension. The gut receives significant sympathetic innervation, is densely populated …

Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive
emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed …

Background Multicellular organisms have evolved systems/mechanisms to detect various
forms of danger, including attack by microbial pathogens and a variety of pests, as well as …

The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is an ubiquitous, transmembrane,
immunoglobulin-like receptor that exists in multiple isoforms and binds to a diverse range of …

Pericytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ontogenically related, and in fact, no
significant phenotypic differences could be observed by flow cytometry. Transcriptome …

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous “danger” signals,
known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released from cells alert the …

High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB 1) was originally defined as a ubiquitous nuclear protein,
but it was later determined that the protein has different roles both inside and outside of …

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein involved in transcription
regulation, DNA replication and repair and nucleosome assembly. HMGB1 is passively …