BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external
genitalia. Most cases have an unknown aetiology, which is probably a mix of monogenic …

Carcinoma in situ testis (CIS), also known as intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN), is a
pre-invasive precursor of testicular germ cell tumours, the commonest cancer type of male …

Background Disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions in which
chromosomal, gonadal, or phenotypic sex is atypical. Clinical management of DSD is often …

Androgen resistance causes the androgen insensitivity syndrome in its variant forms and is
a paradigm of clinical syndromes associated with hormone resistance. In its complete form …

Our study aims to provide a comprehensive view of the endocrine features in Kennedy's
disease (KD). Twenty-two men with KD underwent detailed endocrine investigations …

Mammalian sex differentiation is a hormone-dependent process in the male following the
determination of a testis from the indifferent gonad through a cascade of genetic events …

During the last decade, a tremendous amount of work has been devoted to the study of the
molecular genetics of isolated hypospadias and cryptorchidism, two minor forms of disorders …

Androgen receptor (AR) gene has been extensively studied in diverse clinical conditions. In
addition to the point mutations, trinucleotide repeat (CAG and GGN) length polymorphisms …

This review evaluates current knowledge related to trends in the prevalence of hypospadias,
the association of hypospadias with endocrine‐disrupting exposures, and the potential …

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital malformations. It is considered to be a
mild form of the 46, XY disorders of sex development (DSD), but its precise etiology remains …