Comparisons of rhythmic movements and the central pattern generators (CPGs) that control
them uncover principles about the evolution of behaviour and neural circuits. Over the …

ABSTRACT 2,604 names at the rank of subtribe, tribe, subfamily, family and superfamily
have been proposed for Recent and fossil gastropods, and another 35 for …

Covering: up to the end of February 2017 Nudibranchs have attracted the attention of natural
product researchers due to the potential for discovery of bioactive metabolites, in …

Background The impact of predator-prey interactions on the evolution of many marine
invertebrates is poorly understood. Since barriers to genetic exchange are less obvious in …

Background How novel phenotypes originate from conserved genes, processes, and tissues
remains a major question in biology. Research that sets out to answer this question often …

Cryptic species are an important concept of modern biodiversity studies and a potential
basis for immensely increasing the amount of biological diversity worldwide; however, the …

Mutualistic symbioses are common throughout the animal kingdom. Rather unusual is a
form of symbiosis, photosymbiosis, where animals are symbiotic with photoautotrophic …

While the majority nudibranch clades are more species rich in the tropics, the genus
Dendronotus is mainly represented in Arctic and boreal regions. This distribution pattern …

Behavioral homology is often assumed to involve similarity in underlying neuronal
mechanisms. Here, we provide a counterexample where homologous behaviors are …

Background A number of shelled and shell-less gastropods are known to use multiple
defensive mechanisms, including internally generated or externally obtained biochemically …