Mixed-species forests and plantations sometimes have greater levels of ecosystem functions
and services, including productivity, than monocultures. However, this is not always the case …

Understanding how ecosystem functioning is impacted by global change drivers is a central
topic in ecology and conservation science. We need to assess not only how environmental …

A growing body of evidence suggests that microbial α-diversity (local species richness) may
have positive effects on ecosystem function. However, less attention has been paid to β …

It is expected that extreme climate events such as droughts will increase in both severity and
intensity as a consequence of forecasted climate change. Complementarity among tree …

Mixed species forests can often be more productive and deliver higher levels of ecosystem
services and functions than monocultures. However, complementarity effects for any given …

The consequences of biodiversity loss for ecosystem services largely depend on the
functional identities of extirpated species. However, poor descriptions of spatial patterns of …

Competition with neighboring trees of different species can affect crown size and shape.
However, whether intra-specific differences in crown characteristics in mixed stands …

There is great interest in how species interactions change along spatial gradients in
resource availability and climatic conditions. Many studies have shown that facilitation or …

In cocoa cultivation pruning is considered an essential yield-enhancing practice but its
effects on cocoa tree growth and yield, and how these are mediated by tree size and …

The tree slenderness coefficient (TSC) serves as a simplified measure of tree stability, which
is subject to the complex influences of climate, soil, diversity, and competition. Quantifying …