Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the second most frequent and prevalent complication of
diabetes mellitus (DM). The increase in the production of oxidative stress (OS) is induced by …

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Patients with diabetic
nephropathy have a high cardiovascular risk, comparable to patients with coronary heart …

Context Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease in the developed world. Over time,
the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) may increase due to the expanding size of …

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un importante problema de salud pública que puede
afectar en sus diferentes estadios a cerca del 10% de la población española y que supone …

The long-term vascular complications of diabetes include diabetic kidney disease (DKD),
retinopathy, neuropathy, and macrovascular disease. The outcomes are:• kidney failure and …

Background Microalbuminuria is a common diagnosis in the clinical care of patients with
type 1 diabetes mellitus. Long-term outcomes after the development of microalbuminuria are …

OBJECTIVE Kidney disease manifests clinically as elevated albumin excretion rate (AER),
impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or both, and is a cause of substantial morbidity and …

Although it is beyond any doubt that smoking is the number one preventable cause of death
in most countries, smoking as an independent progression factor in renal disease has been …

The prevalence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2) has risen to epidemic
proportions and continues to be a major health problem worldwide. 1–3 The high …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global health problem, involving to 10% of the
Spanish population, promoting high morbidity and mortality for the patient and an elevate …