TGF-β plays a prominent role as an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs)
during development and wound healing and in disease conditions such as fibrosis and …

Metastatic dissemination occurs very early in the malignant progression of a cancer but the
clinical manifestation of metastases often takes years. In recent decades, 5-year survival of …

Skeletal metastases are frequent complications of many cancers, causing bone
complications (fractures, bone pain, disability) that negatively affect the patient's quality of …

The p38 MAPK pathway is well known for its role in transducing stress signals from the
environment. Many key players and regulatory mechanisms of this signaling cascade have …

Bone metastases are a frequent and severe complication of advanced-stage cancers. Breast
and prostate cancers, the most common malignancies in women and men, respectively …

Metastatic progression combined with non-responsiveness towards systemic therapy often
shapes the course of disease for cancer patients and commonly determines its lethal …

Cancer cell dormancy is a process whereby cells enter reversible cell cycle arrest, termed
quiescence. Quiescence is essential for cancer cells to acquire additional mutations, to …

In the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, where breast cancer (BC)-disseminated tumor
cells (DTCs) can remain dormant for decades, NG2+/Nestin+ mesenchymal stem cells …

The biological complexity of cancer represents a tremendous clinical challenge, resulting in
the frequent failure of current treatment protocols. In the rapidly evolving scenario of a …

Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The
occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The …