The active components of snake venoms encompass a complex and variable mixture of
proteins that produce a diverse, but largely stereotypical, range of pharmacologic effects and …

As synaptic vesicles fuse, they must continually be replaced with new docked, fusion-
competent vesicles to sustain neurotransmission. It has long been appreciated that vesicles …

At presynaptic active zones (AZs), conserved scaffold protein architectures control synaptic
vesicle (SV) release by defining the nanoscale distribution and density of voltage-gated …

Recent evidence suggests that nano-organization of proteins within synapses may control
the strength of communication between neurons in the brain. The unique subsynaptic …

Neuronal function is highly energy demanding and thus requires efficient and constant
metabolite delivery by glia. Drosophila glia are highly glycolytic and provide lactate to fuel …

Presynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) is thought to play an important role in learning and
memory. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive because of the difficulty of …

In vertebrates, several forms of memory-relevant synaptic plasticity involve postsynaptic
rearrangements of glutamate receptors. In contrast, previous work indicates that Drosophila …

Neurotransmitter release is stabilized by homeostatic plasticity. Presynaptic homeostatic
potentiation (PHP) operates on timescales ranging from minute-to life-long adaptations and …

Neurons exhibit a striking degree of functional diversity, each one tuned to the needs of the
circuitry in which it is embedded. A fundamental functional dichotomy occurs in activity …

The ability to adapt to changing internal and external conditions is a key feature of biological
systems. Homeostasis refers to a regulatory process that stabilizes dynamic systems to …