The combination of pharmacology and transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the effects
of drugs on TMS-evoked EMG responses (pharmaco-TMS-EMG) has considerably improved …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established neurophysiological tool to
examine the integrity of the fast-conducting corticomotor pathways in a wide range of …

These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical
and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures …

A current issue in the research of augmentation of brain functions using transcranial
electrical stimulation (tES) is the diversity and inconsistency in outcome results. Similar …

BACKGROUND: The growing use of transcranial electric and magnetic (EM) brain
stimulation in basic research and in clinical applications necessitates a clear understanding …

The review focuses on the clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS). The central motor conduction time (CMCT) is a sensitive method to detect …

Physiological brain aging is characterized by a loss of synaptic contacts and neuronal
apoptosis that provokes age-dependant decline of sensory processing, motor performance …

The application of a single dose of a CNS active drug with a well-defined mode of action on
a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator system may be used for testing pharmaco …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become a mainstay of cognitive neuroscience,
thus facing new challenges due to its widespread application on behaviorally silent areas. In …

Publisher Summary Threshold is a general concept that is often used to describe a basic
property of stimulus-response experiments. This chapter discusses a rigorous comparison of …