While tools for monitoring in vivo electrophysiology have been extensively developed,
neurochemical recording technologies remain limited. Nevertheless, chemical …

Microdialysis is a powerful sampling technique used to monitor small molecules in vivo.
Despite the many applications of microdialysis sampling, it is limited by the method of …

Enkephalin, an endogenous opioid peptide, is highly expressed in the reward pathway and
may modulate neurotransmission to regulate reward-related behaviors, such as drug-taking …

Although disorders of consciousness (DOCs) demonstrate widely varying clinical
presentations and patterns of structural injury, global down-regulation and bilateral …

Though the last decade has seen accelerated advances in techniques and technologies to
perturb neuronal circuitry in the brain, we are still poorly equipped to adequately dissect …

Electrochemical methods are very often used to detect catecholamine and indolamine
neurotransmitters separated by conventional reverse-phase high performance liquid …

Opioid peptides are critically involved in a variety of physiological functions necessary for
adaptation and survival, and as such, understanding the precise actions of endogenous …

Electrochemical detection is often used to detect catecholamines and indolamines in brain
samples that have been separated by conventional reverse-phase high performance liquid …

The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system has been implicated in many aspects
that influence neuropsychiatric disorders. Namely, this system modulates neural circuits that …

The opioid G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) strongly modulate many of the central
nervous system structures that contribute to major neurological and psychiatric disorders …