Skin metastases occur in 0.6%–10.4% of all patients with cancer and represent 2% of all
skin tumors. Skin metastases from visceral malignancies are important for dermatologists …

Niacin has recently been demonstrated to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients and
to reduce cardiovascular events when combined with a statin. As a consequence, niacin has …

Carcinoid tumours are relatively rare and, in general, slow growing. They can be “non-
functioning” tumours, presenting as a tumour mass, or “functioning” tumours secondary to …

Patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours may develop carcinoid syndrome
(CS), which is characterised by flushing, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, and bronchospasms …

OBJECTIVE Carcinoid cancer patients often have elevated levels of serotonin or its
precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. Normally, serotonin synthesis accounts for a small fraction of …

Introduction Receptor radionuclide therapy is a promising treatment modality for patients
with neuroendocrine tumors for whom alternative treatments are limited. The aim of this …

Carcinoid tumors are part of a heterogeneous group of gastrointestinal and pancreatic
endocrine tumors that are characterized by their capacity to produce and secrete hormones …

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a poor prognosis and limited
responsiveness to available treatments. It is characterised by epithelial cell injury, fibroblast …

Background/Aims: Tryptophan is the precursor of serotonin and niacin (vitamin B 3). The
latter is critical for normal cellular metabolism. Tryptophan and niacin can be deficient in …

Abnormal skin pigmentation represents a common skin problem which may be congenitally
determined or acquired during life. The former are discussed in Chapter [70]. Acquired …