The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to
differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in …

We present a hierarchical model developed for assessing the climate vulnerability and
impact on the urban system to heat wave and pluvial flooding phenomena, which allows …

Severe land surface temperature (LST) significantly impacts residents' thermal discomfort
and can be life-threatening during warm seasons. Therefore, it is essential to identify the …

The level of detail (LOD) of a 3D city model indicates the model's grade and usability.
However, there exist multiple valid variants of each LOD. As a consequence, the LOD …

This study seeks answers to whether certain gender groups are overexposed to land surface
temperature (LST) and whether or not the levels of such overexposure differ across …

Background Climate change, driven by human activity, is rapidly changing our environment
and posing an increased risk to human health. Local governments must adapt their cities …

Climate scientists forecast that heat waves will occur more often in the Netherlands in the
coming decades. The Hotterdam study accordingly measured urban heat and modelled the …

Sensing Hotterdam recorded the temperature in 1,000 Rotterdam homes and at 300 public
spaces in the summer of 2014 in order to outline the links between the urban heat island, the …

The module, a system's unit of dimension, is a concept that is still useful in analysing and
planning cities. The Heat Island Effect is the occasion for inquiring about how to develop …

The problem of urban growth is topical. With the use of various remote sensing data and the
use of geographic information systems analysis and monitoring of territories is carried out …