Radiotherapy (RT) is a modality of oncologic treatment that can be used to treat
approximately 50% of all cancer patients either alone or in combination with other treatment …

Cancer cells adapt cellular metabolism to cope with their high proliferation rate. Instead of
primarily using oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), cancer cells use less efficient …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is cancer that tested as negative for estrogen
receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and excess human epidermal growth factor …

The potential roles of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in tumor initiation and recurrence
have been recognized for many decades. Due to their strong capacity for self-renewal and …

Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity is one of the most relevant features of cancer cells
within different tumor types and is responsible for treatment failure. Cancer stem cells …

Malignant stem cells have long been considered a key therapeutic target in leukemia.
Therapeutic strategies designed to target the fundamental biology of leukemia stem cells …

Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy is the first cause of cancer-associated death.
Thus, new strategies to deal with the evasion of drug response and to improve clinical …

Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells undergo
metabolic adaptations to maintain tumorigenicity and survive under the attack of immune …

Malignant tumors contain heterogeneous populations of cells in various states of
proliferation and differentiation. The presence of cancer stem or initiating cells is a well …

Over the years, substantial evidence has definitively confirmed the existence of cancer stem-
like cells within tumors such as Glioblastoma (GBM). The importance of Glioblastoma stem …