Chloroplasts evolved from an ancient cyanobacterial endosymbiont more than 1.5 billion
years ago. During subsequent coevolution with the nuclear genome, the chloroplast …

Globalization of the food trade requires precise and exact information about the origin,
methods of production, transformation technologies, authentication, and the traceability of …

Engineering improved Rubisco for the enhancement of photosynthesis is challenged by the
alternate locations of the chloroplast rbcL gene and nuclear RbcS genes. Here we develop …

Acclimation is the capacity to adapt to environmental changes within the lifetime of an
individual. This ability allows plants to cope with the continuous variation in ambient …

The initial step of oxygenic photosynthesis is the thermodynamically challenging extraction
of electrons from water and the release of molecular oxygen. This light-driven process …

Gene expression is known to vary among individuals, and this variability can impact the
phenotypic diversity observed in natural populations. While the transcriptome and proteome …

The conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthesis requires the concerted
action of large protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane. Recent work has provided …

RNA editing converts cytidines to uridines in plant organellar transcripts. Editing typically
restores codons for conserved amino acids. During evolution, specific C-to-U editing sites …

Photosystem I (PSI) forms a large macromolecular complex of∼ 580 kDa that resides in the
thylakoid membrane and mediates photosynthetic electron transfer. PSI is composed of 18 …

Cells are highly adaptive systems that respond and adapt to changing environmental
conditions such as temperature fluctuations or altered nutrient availability. Such acclimation …