Synthetic biology applies genetic tools to engineer living cells and organisms analogous to
the programming of machines. In materials synthetic biology, engineering principles from …

Artificial cells are constructed to imitate natural cells and allow researchers to explore
biological process and the origin of life. The construction methods for artificial cells, through …

Reverse genetics has been an indispensable tool to gain insights into viral pathogenesis
and vaccine development. The genomes of large RNA viruses, such as those from …

The encoded biosynthesis of proteins provides the ultimate paradigm for high-fidelity
synthesis of long polymers of defined sequence and composition, but it is limited to …

We present a whole-cell fully dynamical kinetic model (WCM) of JCVI-syn3A, a minimal cell
with a reduced genome of 493 genes that has retained few regulatory proteins or small …

Nature uses 64 codons to encode the synthesis of proteins from the genome, and chooses 1
sense codon—out of up to 6 synonyms—to encode each amino acid. Synonymous codon …

Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have once again raised the hope
that a cure might be within reach for many cancer types. Yet, most late-stage cancers are …

Molecular data storage is an attractive alternative for dense and durable information storage,
which is sorely needed to deal with the growing gap between information production and the …

The homochirality of biomolecules in nature, such as DNA, RNA, peptides and proteins, has
played a critical role in establishing and sustaining life on Earth. This chiral bias has also …

Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that have
mutations associated with increased transmission and antibody escape have arisen over the …