Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by the injury, inflammation, and scarring in the
liver owing to excessive alcohol consumption. Currently, ALD is a leading cause for liver …

Macrophages stand in the first line of defense against a variety of pathogens but are also
involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. To fulfill their functions macrophages …

Oxygen-derived free radicals, collectively termed reactive oxygen species (ROS), play
important roles in immunity, cell growth, and cell signaling. In excess, however, ROS are …

Hepatocellular death is present in almost all types of human liver disease and is used as a
sensitive parameter for the detection of acute and chronic liver disease of viral, toxic …

Kupffer cells are a critical component of the mononuclear phagocytic system and are central
to both the hepatic and systemic response to pathogens. Kupffer cells are reemerging as …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is today considered the most common form of
chronic liver disease, affecting a high proportion of the population worldwide. NAFLD …

MicroRNAs are fine tuners of diverse biological responses and are expressed in various cell
types of the liver. Here we hypothesized that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as …

For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity
only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome …

Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins including
collagen that occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases. Advanced liver fibrosis results in …

Hepatic macrophages are a remarkably heterogeneous population consisting of self-
renewing tissue-resident phagocytes, termed Kupffer cells (KCs), and recruited …