Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate many processes in embryonic development
as well as in the maintenance of normal tissue function later in adult life. However, the role of …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a growth factor with many faces. In our
osteoarthritis (OA) research we have found that TGFβ can be protective as well as …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has a major role in cell proliferation, differentiation and
apoptosis in many cell types. Integration of the TGF-β pathway with other signalling …

We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying canonical Wnt‐mediated regulation
of chondrocyte hypertrophy using chick upper sternal chondrocytes. Replication competent …

Background As one of the least studied bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), BMP9 is one
of the most osteogenic BMPs. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is known to play an important role …

Smad3 deficiency accelerates chondrocyte maturation and leads to osteoarthritis. Primary
chondrocytes without Smad3 lack compensatory increases of TGF‐β signaling factors, but …

Although the multilineage potential of human adipose-derived adult stromal cells (ADAS)
has been well described, few published studies have investigated the biological and …

During endochondral bone formation, chondrocytes undergo a process of terminal
differentiation or maturation, during which the rate of proliferation decreases, cells become …

The transcriptional regulators underlying induction and differentiation of dense connective
tissues such as tendon and related fibrocartilaginous tissues (meniscus and annulus …

It is known that excessive adipogenesis contributes to osteoporosis, suggesting that trans-
differentiation of adipogenic committed preadipocytes into osteoblasts may be a potential …