It has been known for centuries that floral and extra-floral nectar secreted by plants attracts
and rewards animals. Extra-floral nectar is involved in so-called indirect defense by …

Parasites have historically been considered a scourge, deserving of annihilation. Although
parasite eradications rank among humanity's greatest achievements, new research is …

The scientific study of networks-computer, social, and biological-has received an enormous
amount of interest in recent years. However, the network approach has been applied to the …

Many parasites modify their host behaviour to improve their own transmission and survival,
but the proximate mechanisms remain poorly understood. An original model consists of the …

Eukaryotes have evolved and diversified in the context of persistent colonization by non-
pathogenic microorganisms. Various resident microorganisms provide a metabolic …

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle and a cosmopolitan
host range. The asexual part of its life cycle can be perpetually sustained in a variety of …

The ability to manipulate host behaviour is among the most fascinating and best-studied
adaptations of parasites. In this opinion article, we highlight trends and biases in the study of …

Several arthropod taxa live exclusively on vertebrate blood. This food source lacks essential
metabolites required for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and as such, these …

Covering: up to 2018 Pheromones serve as chemical signals between individuals of the
same species and play important roles for mate localization and mate choice as well as …

Background Adaptive manipulation of animal behavior by parasites functions to increase
parasite transmission through changes in host behavior. These changes can range from …