At a time when complex diseases affect globally 280 million people and claim 14 million
lives every year, there is an urgent need to rapidly increase our knowledge into their …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial disease with complex pathophysiology. It is the
main cause of blindness among the people in productive age. The purpose of this literature …

Visual impairment and blindness are a growing public health problem as they reduce the life
quality of millions of people. The management and treatment of these diseases represent …

Aims—to address the inconclusive findings of the association of angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a …

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that causes pathogenic
damage to the retina. Particularly, the proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) state can …

Purpose: To investigate the association of interleukin (IL)-6 with proliferative diabetic
retinopathy (PDR) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a Chinese population. Methods: Two subtypes …

Abstract Background The 4G5G polymorphism of Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
gene is reported to be associated with diabetes nephropathy and retinopathy (DNR) risk …

Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease
and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into …

Background A number of studies were carried out to assess the association of angiotensin I
converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1-1) 4G/5G …

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major sight-threatening diabetic complication.
Previous studies have examined the association of DR with multiple genetic variants in the …