The bacterial flagellum is a helical filamentous organelle responsible for motility. In bacterial
species possessing flagella at the cell exterior, the long helical flagellar filament acts as a …

Allostery is the process by which biological macromolecules (mostly proteins) transmit the
effect of binding at one site to another, often distal, functional site, allowing for regulation of …

Complex I is the first and largest enzyme of the respiratory chain and has a central role in
cellular energy production through the coupling of NADH: ubiquinone electron transfer to …

Chemotaxis allows bacteria to follow gradients of nutrients and other environmental stimuli.
The bacterium Escherichia coli performs chemotaxis via a run-and-tumble strategy in which …

Living systems operate far from thermal equilibrium by converting the chemical potential of
ATP into mechanical work to achieve growth, replication, or locomotion. Given time series …

Bacteria use chemotaxis to migrate towards environments that are better for growth.
Chemoreceptors detect changes in attractant levels and signal through two-component …

Living systems maintain or increase local order by working against the second law of
thermodynamics. Thermodynamic consistency is restored as they consume free energy …

The Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) model was conceived in 1965 to account for the
signal transduction and cooperative properties of bacterial regulatory enzymes and …

The bacterial flagellum is a macromolecular protein complex that harvests energy from uni-
directional ion flow across the inner membrane to power bacterial swimming via rotation of …

Many bacteria that live in contact with eukaryotic hosts, whether as symbionts or as
pathogens, have evolved mechanisms that manipulate host cell behaviour to their benefit …