The quantity and quality of research into autism and related conditions have increased
dramatically in recent years. Consequently we selectively review key accomplishments and …

Although the neurobiology of autism has been studied for more than two decades, the
majority of these studies have examined brain structure 10, 20, or more years after the onset …

Two previous epidemiological studies of autistic twins suggested that autism was
predominantly genetically determined, although the findings with regard to a broader …

Autism is marked by overgrowth of the brain at the earliest ages but not at older ages when
decreases in structural volumes and neuron numbers are observed instead. This has led to …

Multiple types of indirect evidence have been used to support theories of altered cortical
connectivity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In other developmental disorders reduced …

Humans share with animals a primitive neural system for processing emotions such as fear
and anger. Unlike other animals, humans have the unique ability to control and modulate …

Context Brain enlargement has been observed in 2-year-old children with autism, but the
underlying mechanisms are unknown. Objective To investigate early growth trajectories in …

Context While the neuroanatomical basis of autism is not yet known, evidence suggests that
brain enlargement may be characteristic of this disorder. Inferences about the timing of brain …

The underlying brain injury that leads to autism has been difficult to identify. The diagnostic
criteria of the disease are not readily associated with any brain region or system, nor are …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and autopsy evidence of early maldevelopment of
cerebellar vermis and hemispheres in autism raises the question of how cerebellar …