The impinging of multiple jets onto the molten bath in the BOF steelmaking process plays a
crucial role in reactor performance but is not clearly understood. This paper presents a …

This paper focusses on three main numerical methods, ie, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-
Stokes (RANS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) …

The cavity shape formed by the impinging of the supersonic oxygen jet on liquid metal
surface is of importance to the converter steelmaking process. This work adopts the volume …

Bottom-blowing technology is widely adopted in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking to
promote the molten bath fluid flow, accelerate the metallurgical reaction, and improve the …

Bottom blowing agitation plays a crucial role in improving the reaction kinetics condition of
molten bath during the steelmaking process. Herein, the influence of bottom blowing mode …

In converter steelmaking, the impact of a high-speed gas jet on the melt pool is a complex
process in which the shape of the impacted cavity has an important influence on the …

Herein, the fluid mechanical aspects involving flow interactions between flows formed by the
top impinging jet and bottom blowing bubbles in a combined blowing converter bath are …

Fluid flow in converter bath, affecting the viability, effectiveness, and efficiency of
steelmaking, plays a critical role in the productivity and quality level that can be achieved in …

Characteristics of flow field and stirring effects of six kinds of bottom-blowing arrangements
on the molten bath were researched in a 75 t electrical arc furnace. The mixing time was …

During the converter steelmaking process, with an increase in the furnace life, the bottom
blowing components will have different degrees of blockage. In this study, water model and …