The adaptive immune response is a major determinant of the clinical outcome after SARS-
CoV-2 infection and underpins vaccine efficacy. T cell responses develop early and …

Background Understanding the level and characteristics of protection from past SARS-CoV-
2 infection against subsequent re-infection, symptomatic COVID-19 disease, and severe …

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant suggests that the virus might become
globally dominant. Further, the high number of mutations in the viral spike protein raised …

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

Background Few data exist on the comparative safety and immunogenicity of different
COVID-19 vaccines given as a third (booster) dose. To generate data to optimise selection …

We provide two methods for monitoring reinfection trends in routine surveillance data to
identify signatures of changes in reinfection risk and apply these approaches to data from …

Background Despite high vaccine coverage and effectiveness, the incidence of symptomatic
infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been …

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP against infection by the SARS‐
CoV‐2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies by neutralization or binding assays …

Seroprevalence surveys suggest that more than a third and possibly more than half of the
global population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by early 2022. As large numbers of …

Background The duration and effectiveness of immunity from infection with and vaccination
against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are relevant to …