In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow
new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid …

Although chemists can synthesize virtually any small organic molecule, our ability to
rationally manipulate the structures of proteins is quite limited, despite their involvement in …

The goal of xenobiology is to design biological systems endowed with unusual biochemical
functions, whereas enzymology concerns the study of enzymes, the workhorses of …

Methods for engineering proteins that contain non-canonical amino acids have advanced
rapidly in the past few years. Novel amino acids can be introduced into recombinant proteins …

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is widely applied to obtain quantitative information
from fluorescence signals, particularly using Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) …

Protein synthesis and its relation to the genetic code was for a long time a central issue in
biology. Rapid experimental progress throughout the past decade, crowned with the recently …

Adam W. Duster1, Hai Lin2. 1Integrative and Systems Biology, University of Colorado
Denver, Denver, CO, USA, 2Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA …

Tryptophan synthase (TrpS) has emerged as a paragon of noncanonical amino acid (ncAA)
synthesis and is an ideal biocatalyst for synthetic and biological applications. TrpS catalyzes …

Co-translational folding is crucial to ensure the production of biologically active proteins. The
ribosome can alter the folding pathways of nascent polypeptide chains, yet a structural …

Much effort has been dedicated to the design of significantly red shifted variants of the green
fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequoria victora (av). These approaches have been based …