Impurity doping is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to
their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been …

Lanthanide-based upconversion nanomaterials have recently attracted considerable
attention in both fundamental research and various frontier applications owing to their …

The attractive features of lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescence (UCL), such as high
photostability, nonphotobleaching or photoblinking, and large anti-Stokes shift, have shown …

Biomedical fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 100–1700 nm) window
provides great potential for visualizing physiological and pathological processes, owing to …

Smart control of photon upconversion is a key strategy for lanthanide-based materials used
in biological and photonic applications. However, this has remained a challenge for the …

Abstract NaYF4: Ln3+, due to its outstanding upconversion characteristics, has become one
of the most important luminescent nanomaterials in biological imaging, optical information …

The second near-infrared (NIR II) response photon up-conversion (UC) materials show great
application prospects in the fields of biology and optical communication. However, it is still …

Skin diseases are the fourth leading cause of nonfatal and chronic skin diseases, acting as a
global burden and affecting the world economy. Skin diseases severely impact the patients' …

NIR-II fluorophores have shown great promise for biomedical applications with superior in
vivo optical properties. To date, few small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores have been …

Great progress has been made in inorganic persistent phosphors, especially in the recent
two decades, motivated by the discoveries of the SrAl 2 O 4: Eu 2+-Dy 3+ in the green and …