Exosomes are well-known key mediators of intercellular communication and contribute to
various physiological and pathological processes. Their biogenesis involves four key steps …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound structures that are released from
cells into the surrounding environment. These structures can be categorized as exosomes …

Exosomes (Exos) as drug delivery vehicles have been widely used for cancer
immunotherapy owing to their good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity …

The innate immune system is one of the major constituents of the host's defense against
invading pathogens and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in regulating its …

Background Exosomes are nanosized bio vesicles formed when multivesicular bodies and
the plasma membrane merge and discharge into bodily fluids. They are well recognized for …

Exosomes (EXOs) are extracellular vesicles derived from the endosome. These
heterogeneous nanoparticles (30–150 nm) are secreted from various cells and play …

Cancer is the main cause of death worldwide. The limitations in traditional cancer therapies
provoked the advance and use of several nanotechnologies for more effective and nontoxic …

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of
mortality among men. The recurrent reports of false-positive results of common PCa …

Despite the massive efforts advanced over recent years in emerging therapies for
neurodegenerative diseases, effective treatment for these diseases is still an urgent need …

There remains a vital necessity for new therapeutic approaches to combat metastatic
cancers, which cause globally over 8 million deaths per year. Mesenchymal stem cells …