Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) model is
becoming an essential tool in cancer research as it expresses an intermediate complexity …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell culture systems have attracted considerable
attention as a way to better mimic the complex interactions between individual cells and the …

Cell cultures are very important for testing materials and drugs, and in the examination of
cell biology and special cell mechanisms. The most popular models of cell culture are two …

Hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary (HPB) organoids are powerful tools for studying
development, disease, and regeneration. As organoid research expands, the need for clear …

Three‐dimensional cell culture models, such as spheroids, can be used in the process of the
development of new anticancer agents because they are able to closely mimic the main …

Abstract 3D bioprinting involves the combination of 3D printing technologies with cells,
growth factors and biomaterials, and has been considered as one of the most advanced …

Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized
medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of …

The impermeable barrier of solid tumors due to the complexity of their components limits the
treatment effect of nanomedicine and hinders its clinical translation. Several methods are …

Multicellular cancer spheroids (MCSs) have emerged as a promising in vitro model that
replicates many features of solid tumors in vivo. Biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds for MCS …

Multi‐cellular spheroids are formed as a 3D structure with dense cell–cell/cell–extracellular
matrix interactions, and thus, have been widely utilized as implantable therapeutics and …