It has long been appreciated that the Gram-negative outer membrane acts as a permeability
barrier, but recent studies have uncovered a more expansive and versatile role for the outer …

Despite tremendous successes in the field of antibiotic discovery seen in the previous
century, infectious diseases have remained a leading cause of death. More specifically …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Gram-negative bacteria and their complex cell envelope, which comprises an outer
membrane and an inner membrane, are an important and attractive system for studying the …

Membrane lipids interact with proteins in a variety of ways, ranging from providing a stable
membrane environment for proteins to being embedded in to detailed roles in complicated …

β Barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) cluster into supramolecular assemblies that give
function to the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. How such assemblies form …

The global incidence of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacillary infections has been
increasing, and there is a dire need to develop novel strategies to overcome this problem …

The major constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is
lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is comprised of lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O …

Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a protective outer membrane (OM) with
phospholipids in its inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in its outer leaflet. The OM is …

Collective antibiotic drug resistance is a global threat, especially with respect to Gram-
negative bacteria. The low permeability of the bacterial outer cell wall has been identified as …