Insect life on earth is greatly diversified despite being exposed to several infectious agents
due to their diverse habitats and ecological niche. One of the major factors responsible for …

The high annual losses of managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) has attracted intensive
attention, and scientists have dedicated much effort trying to identify the stresses affecting …

Under realistic environmental conditions, bees are often exposed to multiple stressors,
especially Varroa destructor and pesticides. In this study, the effects of exposure to NOAEC …

Honeybees have an essential role in ecosystems pollinating wild flowers and cultivated
crops, representing an important cultural and economic benefit for humans. Honeybee …

Varroa destructor is considered one of the greatest threats to the health of the honey bee, A.
mellifera. In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the number of studies …

Simple Summary Climate change is associated with warmer and drier weather on average
in central California. At the same time, honeybees are being transported from all over the …

The impact of widespread pesticide use in agriculture has been a major concern to the
beekeeping industry. Accumulating evidence suggests that pesticides have a negative …

The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor has emerged as the major pest of honeybees.
Despite extensive research efforts, the pathogenesis of varroosis has not been fully …

Honeybees are essential for the ecosystem maintenance and for plant production in
agriculture. Glyphosate is a broad‐spectrum systemic herbicide widely used in crops to …

Feral bees colonizing large forest habitats without human intervention are also affected by
diseases. Infected bees that survive several seasons constitute an interesting object of …