Abstract Lead colloids—particles between 0.001 and 1 µm—present unique challenges for
maintaining drinking water quality. Most of the published literature on lead in drinking water …

The inner walls of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) are expected to be clean to
ensure a safe quality of drinking water. Complex physical, chemical, and biological …

Following a pH reduction in their drinking water over a span of more than 20 years, the City
of Newark, New Jersey, has struggled with elevated lead (Pb) release from Pb service lines …

For lead pipes that contain PbO2 (s) as a major component of their scales, a change in the
residual disinfectant from free chlorine to monochloramine can destabilize the PbO2 (s) and …

This study explored the ability of orthophosphate addition to limit lead release from lead
service lines delivering high pH, low alkalinity water. We built pipe loop reactors with lead …

To lower Pb concentrations in tap water, water systems implement corrosion control
treatment that often involves the addition of orthophosphate. Because NSF/ANSI 53 (2018) …

In recent years, environmental lead (Pb) exposure through drinking water has resulted in
community public health concerns. To understand potential impacts on blood Pb levels …

Particulate lead resulting from the detachment of lead corrosion products (LCPs) contributes
significantly to lead contamination in drinking water. Since LCPs formed under different …

The effect of sodium silicate addition on lead release from lead service lines (LSLs) was
investigated using laboratory-based pipe loop experiments with LSLs harvested from a …

Sodium silicate is thought to mitigate lead release via two mechanisms: by increasing pH
and by forming a protective silica film. A pilot-scale study using an excavated lead service …