Immunosenescence is characterized by deterioration of the immune system caused by
aging which induces changes to innate and adaptive immunity. Immunosenescence affects …

An ever-growing volume of peer-reviewed publications speaks to the recent and rapid
growth in both scope and understanding of exercise immunology. Indeed, more than 95% of …

Objectives: This paper discusses the use of saliva analysis as a tool for monitoring steroid,
peptide, and immune markers of sports training. Design: Salivary gland physiology …

Upper respiratory illness is the most common reason for non‐injury‐related presentation to a
sports medicine clinic, accounting for 35–65% of illness presentations. Recurrent or …

Objective To evaluate the ability of a probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum VRI-003 (PCC) to
enhance the mucosal immune system of elite athletes. Design and setting A double-blind …

Some of the physiological changes associated with the taper and their relationship with
athletic performance are now known. Since the 1980s a number of studies have examined …

Introduction 3. Markers of mucosal immunity 4. Immune markers in saliva 5. Salivary IgA and
acute exercise 6. Nutritional influences on s-IgA responses to acute exercise 7 …

In the present study, we assessed the effects of exercise intensity on salivary
immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and salivary lysozyme (s-Lys) and examined how these …

Physical exercise is a type of allostatic load for several endocrine systems, notably the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Athletes undergoing a strenuous training …

Exercise adaptations to strength, anaerobic and aerobic training have been extensively
studied in adults, however, young people appear to respond differently to such exercise …