Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, imposing a consistent burden on
health system. In recent years, prevalence of asthma symptoms became globally increased …

The emergence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has given cannabis smokers a new method
of inhaling cannabinoids. E-cigs differ from traditional marijuana cigarettes in several …

Objective Little is known about the consequences of tobacco smoking stigma on smokers
and how smokers may internalize smoking-related stigma. This review summarizes existing …

Tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure during prenatal and postnatal life can impair lung
development, alter the immune response to viral infections, and increase the prevalence of …

This article is a comprehensive review on developmental origins of health and disease
regarding various factors related to the origins of cardiovascular diseases from early life. It …

While the effects of active smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) are well documented, the
concept of third-hand smoke (THS) is a relatively new phenomenon in the environmental …

Secondhand smoke (SHS: a mixture of sidestream and mainstream smoke) and thirdhand
smoke (THS: made up of the pollutants that settle indoors after smoking in closed …

Cigarette smoke exposure in mothers and children is highly prevalent in Asia, especially
among rural and poor families. Second-hand smoke exposure might affect the nutritional …

Objective The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature
about thirdhand smoke (THS). Methods Systematic review of all aspects of THS. Standard …

Cigarette smoke is the main source of indoor chemical and toxic elements. Cadmium (Cd),
Thallium (Tl), Lead (Pb) and Antimony (Sb) are important contributors to smoke-related …