In addition to constituting the genetic material of an organism, DNA is a tracer for the
recognition of foreign pathogens and a trigger of the innate immune system. cGAS functions …

A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable …

This article provides an initial assessment of the many risks posed by the COVID-19
pandemic on the conduct of genuine and transparent elections in the world. It begins with …

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein that is critical for effective innate
antiviral and antitumor immunity. The activity of STING is heavily regulated by protein …

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic-reticulum resident protein, playing
essential roles in immune responses against microbial infections. However, over-activation …

Abstract Purpose of Review Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a large group of E3 ubiquitin
ligases involved in different cellular functions. Of special interest are their roles in innate …

The innate immune system protects the host from external pathogens and internal damage
in various ways. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway, comprised of cyclic GMP-AMP …

The E3 ligase TRIM7 has emerged as a critical player in viral infection and pathogenesis.
However, the mechanism governing the TRIM7–substrate association remains to be …

Innate immune mechanisms initiate immune responses via pattern-recognition receptors
(PRRs). Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a member of the PRRs, senses diverse …

As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
contains a membrane protein (M) that mediates viral release from cellular membranes …