The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased significantly in recent years,
and with a rapidly aging global population, this trend is expected to continue. These …

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 contribute to host defense against infection by augmenting
antimicrobial properties of phagocytes and initiating Th1 and Th17 adaptive immune …

Induction, production, and release of proinflammatory cytokines are essential steps to
establish an effective host defense. Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family induce …

Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to a variety
of infectious and noxious insults. Inflammasomes play a critical role in the initiation of innate …

Stimulation and release of proinflammatory cytokines is an essential step for the activation of
an effective innate host defense, and subsequently for the modulation of adaptive immune …

Intracellular pathogens like Shigella flexneri enter host cells by phagocytosis. Once inside,
the pathogen breaks the vacuolar membrane for cytosolic access. The fate and function of …

Interferon (IFN)-inducible guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) mediate cell-autonomous host
resistance to bacterial pathogens and promote inflammasome activation. The prevailing …

Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease
worldwide resulting in 4–5 million new cases of Chlamydia annually and an estimated 100 …

Most Chlamydia species carry a 7.5 kb plasmid encoding eight open reading frames
conventionally called plasmid glycoproteins 1–8 or pGP1–8. Although the plasmid is not …

Inflammasomes have been extensively characterized in monocytes and macrophages, but
not in epithelial cells, which are the preferred host cells for many pathogens. Here we show …